Explanation:
ZBB requires managers to justify every item of expenditure from scratch. This is because it starts with a 'zero base' for each new period, rather than using the previous year's budget as a baseline. R correctly explains A.
Explanation:
Material Yield Variance measures the difference between the actual output and the standard output expected from the actual input. It is calculated as (Standard Yield - Actual Yield) x Standard Cost per unit of Yield. A positive value indicates a favorable variance.
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