Assertion (A): Association between attributes does not imply causation. Reason (R): Two attributes may be associated due to a third confounding variable or chance.
A.Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
B.Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Statistical association indicates a relationship but not causality; confounding factors or random variation can create spurious associations, necessitating careful interpretation beyond correlation.
Assertion (A): The geometric mean is always less than or equal to the arithmetic mean for the same dataset. Reason (R): This is a consequence of the AM-GM inequality in mathematics.
A.A is false but R is true
B.Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
C.Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The AM-GM inequality states that for non-negative real numbers, the arithmetic mean is always greater than or equal to the geometric mean, with equality only when all values are identical.
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