Explanation:
Census aims to count every individual, eliminating sampling error; however, it may still have non-sampling errors like coverage error, response error, or processing mistakes.
Explanation:
Yule's Q = [(AB)(αβ) - (Aβ)(αB)] / [(AB)(αβ) + (Aβ)(αB)]; if the denominator is zero (all cells zero or impossible configuration), Q is undefined, though this rarely occurs in real data.
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