The forelimbs of humans, whales, and bats exhibit similarity in basic structure due to common ancestry. This is an example of: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Carolus Linnaeus, a Swedish botanist, formalized the system of binomial nomenclature for naming organisms. Louis Pasteur made immense contributions to microbiology, including the development of the first effective vaccine against rabies. Gregor Mendel is the father of genetics, known for his laws of inheritance; the structure of DNA was discovered by Watson and Crick. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Explanation:
Uric acid is the least toxic and most water-insoluble nitrogenous waste, excreted as a paste or solid pellet, requiring minimal water. It is produced by birds, reptiles, and insects (uricotelic organisms). Ammonia (ammonotelic) is highly toxic, requiring large water volumes (e.g., fish). Urea (ureotelic) is intermediate, excreted by mammals.

Explanation:
Transitional epithelium (urothelium) is stratified, with cells that can change shape from cuboidal to squamous when the bladder distends. It lines the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and part of the urethra. Squamous is flat, cuboidal cube-shaped, columnar tall.