The nephron structure that measures the concentration of sodium chloride in the filtrate and regulates GFR is the: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

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The nephron structure that measures the concentration of sodium chloride in the filtrate and regulates GFR is the:

A. Collecting duct

B. Proximal convoluted tubule

C. Bowman's capsule

D. Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer: Option D

Solution (By JKExamLibrary)

The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is formed by the macula densa cells of the distal tubule and granular cells of the afferent arteriole. It detects NaCl concentration in the filtrate and releases renin, which regulates GFR and systemic blood pressure via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Bowman's capsule collects filtrate, PCT reabsorbs, collecting duct concentrates urine.

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Identify the correct statement about vitamins and minerals:

A. Vitamin C is a fat-soluble vitamin.

B. Iodine deficiency causes anemia.

C. Calcium is essential for bone formation.

D. Iron is required for blood clotting.

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Calcium is a major component of bones. Vitamin C is water-soluble, iron is for hemoglobin (oxygen transport), iodine deficiency causes goiter, anemia is from iron/B₁₂/folate deficiency.

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The region of the root that provides protection to the growing tip is the:

A. Elongation zone

B. Root cap

C. Maturation zone

D. Meristematic zone

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The root cap is a thimble-like mass of parenchyma cells covering the apical meristem, protecting it as the root pushes through the soil. It also secretes mucilage to ease passage. Cells are constantly sloughed off and replaced. The meristematic zone is where cells divide.

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Question #3

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Response to stimuli is a defining property of living organisms. Which of the following is true about this property?

A. Only animals show response to stimuli

B. Response to stimuli is not seen in unicellular organisms

C. All living organisms from prokaryotes to complex eukaryotes can sense and respond to stimuli

D. Plants do not respond to environmental factors

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
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