Alpha particles (α) are positively charged particles consisting of two protons and two neutrons, identical to the nucleus of a helium-4 atom (He²⁺). They are emitted during alpha decay of heavy radioactive elements like uranium and radium.
Explanation:
An alpha particle (α) consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, which is the same as a helium-4 nucleus (²⁴He²⁺). It has a +2 charge. Beta particles are electrons (β⁻) or positrons (β⁺). Gamma rays are electromagnetic waves with no mass or charge. Alpha particles have low penetration power and are stopped by a sheet of paper or skin. Rutherford used alpha particles in his scattering experiment.
Explanation:
Reverse osmosis uses a semipermeable membrane to reject dissolved salts and impurities. Filtration removes solids; chlorination/ozonation disinfect but do not remove salts.
Explanation:
In the electrochemical series, zinc is placed above copper, meaning it has a higher oxidation potential (is more reactive). A more reactive metal can displace a less reactive metal from its aqueous salt solution. Therefore, zinc displaces copper from CuSO4, forming ZnSO4 and depositing Cu metal. R correctly explains A.
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