Rutherford's alpha-scattering experiment led to the discovery of the: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question
Rutherford's alpha-scattering experiment led to the discovery of the:
A. Neutron
B. Electron
C. Nucleus
D. Proton
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
In 1911, Ernest Rutherford conducted the gold foil experiment, firing alpha particles at a thin gold sheet. While most passed through, a few were deflected at large angles, and some bounced back. This led him to conclude that the atom's positive charge and most of its mass are concentrated in a tiny, dense central core called the nucleus.
This question belongs to: Science chemistry

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Question #1
The atomic radius of elements decreases across a period because:
A. Nuclear charge increases and electrons are added to the same shell
B. Electron-electron repulsion decreases
C. Atomic mass decreases
D. Number of shells increases
Discuss

Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Across a period, the number of electron shells remains the same, but the nuclear charge (protons) increases. The added electrons enter the same valence shell, so the effective nuclear attraction on the electrons increases, pulling them closer and shrinking the atomic radius. Down a group, radius increases due to addition of shells. Electron-electron repulsion alone does not account for the trend. Atomic mass generally increases across a period.
This question belongs to: Science chemistry
Question #2
The process used for the manufacture of ammonia is:
A. Haber's process
B. Ostwald's process
C. Solvay process
D. Contact process
Discuss

Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Ammonia (NH₃) is manufactured by the Haber process, which involves the direct combination of nitrogen and hydrogen gases at high pressure (200 atm) and moderate temperature (450°C) in the presence of an iron catalyst. The Contact process is for sulfuric acid, and Ostwald's is for nitric acid.
This question belongs to: Science chemistry
Question #3
The chemical formula of plaster of Paris is:
A. CaSO₄
B. CaSO₄·2H₂O
C. CaO
D. CaSO₄·½H₂O
Discuss

Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Plaster of Paris is calcium sulfate hemihydrate, CaSO₄·½H₂O. It is prepared by heating gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O) at 373 K. It sets with water to form gypsum.
This question belongs to: Science chemistry
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