Consider statements about microorganisms: 1. Lactobacillus is used in curd formation. 2. Saccharomyces is used in bread making. 3. Aspergillus is used in the production of citric acid. Which are correct? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question

Consider statements about microorganisms: 1. Lactobacillus is used in curd formation. 2. Saccharomyces is used in bread making. 3. Aspergillus is used in the production of citric acid. Which are correct?

A. 1, 2 and 3

B. 2 and 3 only

C. 1 and 2 only

D. 1 and 3 only

Answer: Option A

Solution (By JKExamLibrary)

Lactobacillus is a lactic acid bacterium that ferments lactose in milk, producing lactic acid that coagulates proteins to form curd. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) undergoes anaerobic respiration, producing CO2 gas that causes bread dough to rise. Aspergillus niger, a fungus, is widely used in industrial fermentation for the large-scale production of citric acid. All statements are correct.

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Which of the following statements is correct regarding cell theory?

A. Cells arise spontaneously.

B. Only plant cells contain cell walls.

C. All cells have a nucleus.

D. All living organisms are composed of cells and products of cells.

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Modern cell theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells and cell products, the cell is the basic unit of structure and function, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells (Omnis cellula e cellula). Not all cells have a nucleus (e.g., prokaryotes, mature RBCs). Cell theory was formulated by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow. Spontaneous generation was disproved.

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Question #2

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The disorder caused by the deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is:

A. Phenylketonuria

B. Homocystinuria

C. Maple syrup urine disease

D. Albinism

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
PKU leads to accumulation of phenylalanine, causing mental retardation. Albinism is tyrosinase defect, MSUD branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase, homocystinuria methionine metabolism.

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Question #3

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Which of the following diseases is caused by a deficiency of insulin?

A. Diabetes mellitus

B. Graves' disease

C. Diabetes insipidus

D. Addison's disease

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin secretion (Type 1) or insulin resistance (Type 2). Diabetes insipidus is due to deficiency of ADH (vasopressin) affecting water reabsorption. Graves' disease is hyperthyroidism, Addison's is adrenal insufficiency. Insulin deficiency leads to inability of cells to uptake glucose.

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