Explanation:
The cranium (skull) is composed of several bones fused together, encasing and protecting the brain. Vertebrae protect the spinal cord, sternum protects the heart and lungs anteriorly, pelvis supports abdominal organs and connects to legs. The cranium also provides attachment for muscles.
Explanation:
When oxygen is limiting, pyruvate from glycolysis is reduced to lactic acid (lactate) by lactate dehydrogenase, regenerating NAD⁺ to allow glycolysis to continue. In yeast, pyruvate is converted to ethanol and CO₂ (alcoholic fermentation). Muscle cells lack alcohol dehydrogenase.
Explanation:
The ureters are two muscular tubes that propel urine from the renal pelvis of each kidney to the urinary bladder via peristaltic contractions. Urethra exits bladder, renal pelvis and calyces are within the kidney.
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