Consider statements about microorganisms: 1. Penicillin is extracted from a fungus. 2. Streptomycin is extracted from a bacterium. 3. Viruses can be cultured in synthetic media. Which are correct? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
The Bohr effect describes how an increase in pCO2 or a decrease in pH (increase in H+) reduces hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, shifting the oxygen dissociation curve to the right and promoting oxygen unloading. Conversely, in the lungs, where pCO2 is low and pH is relatively higher (more alkaline), the Bohr effect works in reverse: hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen increases, facilitating the loading (binding) of oxygen to hemoglobin. The Haldane effect describes the reciprocal relationship for CO2 transport.

Explanation:
The medulla oblongata contains vital reflex centers for respiration, cardiovascular function, and digestion. It is part of the brainstem.

Explanation:
Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation allows prothrombin and other clotting factors to bind calcium and participate in coagulation. Deficiency prolongs clotting time.