Consider the following statements about the nervous system: 1. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. 2. The peripheral nervous system includes cranial and spinal nerves. 3. The autonomic nervous system controls voluntary actions. Which of the above is/are correct? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Meiosis I is the reductional division where homologous chromosomes separate, reducing the chromosome number from diploid (2n) to haploid (n). Meiosis II is equational division, similar to mitosis, separating sister chromatids. Thus, reduction occurs in anaphase I. DNA replication occurs in S phase before meiosis I. Gametes are haploid. Errors in reduction can lead to aneuploidy.

Explanation:
Iodine deficiency leads to insufficient thyroid hormone production, causing TSH hypersecretion and thyroid gland enlargement (goiter). Anemia is iron/B₁₂/folate deficiency, rickets vitamin D, scurvy vitamin C.

Explanation:
Transcription is the process where the genetic information in a DNA sequence is copied into a complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule by RNA polymerase. Translation is the process where the mRNA sequence is decoded by ribosomes to synthesize a specific polypeptide (protein). Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules act as adapters, carrying specific amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA codon. All statements are correct.