How does growth in living organisms differ from growth in non-living things? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Osteomalacia is softening of bones in adults due to vitamin D deficiency, leading to bone pain and muscle weakness. Rickets is the childhood equivalent, affecting growth plates. Scurvy is vitamin C deficiency, kwashiorkor is protein deficiency. Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone mineralization.

Explanation:
Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae, transmitted through contaminated water and food, causing severe watery diarrhea and dehydration. Influenza is a viral respiratory disease, ringworm is a fungal infection, dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease. Cholera toxin disrupts ion transport in intestinal cells, leading to massive fluid loss. ORS (oral rehydration solution) is a simple life-saving treatment.

Explanation:
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a peptide hormone released by the I cells of the duodenum when acidic chyme containing fats (lipids) and partially digested proteins enters from the stomach. CCK has two major digestive actions: 1) It stimulates the gall bladder to contract, releasing stored bile into the duodenum to emulsify fats. 2) It stimulates the pancreatic acinar cells to secrete a juice rich in digestive enzymes (lipases, proteases, amylase). It also slows down gastric emptying, allowing more time for digestion in the small intestine.