Industrial melanism in the peppered moth (Biston betularia) is a classic example of: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question
Industrial melanism in the peppered moth (Biston betularia) is a classic example of:
A. Gene flow
B. Genetic drift
C. Artificial selection
D. Natural selection
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Industrial melanism is a classic example of natural selection in action. Before the industrial revolution, light-colored moths were more common as they blended with lichen-covered trees, avoiding predators. Pollution killed the lichen and darkened the trees, making dark-colored (melanic) moths better camouflaged. The population shifted to predominantly dark moths, demonstrating survival of the fittest.
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Question #1
Which of the following is a characteristic of mitosis but NOT meiosis?
A. Formation of haploid gametes
B. Pairing of homologous chromosomes
C. Crossing over
D. Production of genetically identical daughter cells
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid daughter cells (clones) essential for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. Meiosis involves pairing (synapsis) and crossing over during prophase I, and produces four genetically diverse haploid cells (gametes). The conservation of chromosome number and genetic identity is a hallmark of mitosis.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #2
The type of plant that has adapted to survive in very dry environments is called:
A. Halophyte
B. Xerophyte
C. Hydrophyte
D. Mesophyte
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Xerophytes (e.g., cactus, acacia) have adaptations like thick cuticle, sunken stomata, reduced leaves, and water-storing tissues to conserve water in arid habitats. Hydrophytes live in water, mesophytes in moderate conditions, halophytes in saline soils. Xerophytes minimize transpiration and maximize water uptake.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #3
Assertion (A): Xylem vessels are dead at maturity.
Reason (R): Lignin deposition provides strength but blocks cytoplasm, leading to cell death.
A. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.
B. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation.
C. A false, R true.
D. A true, R false.
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Xylem tracheids and vessels develop lignified secondary walls and lose protoplasm, becoming dead tubes efficient for water conduction. R correctly explains A.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
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