Across period 3, ionization energy increases from Na to Ar. Chlorine has high ionization energy due to high effective nuclear charge and small atomic radius, though Argon is highest. Among these, Cl has highest IE.
Explanation:
Chlorination is the disinfection of water using chlorine or chlorine compounds to destroy pathogenic microorganisms. Chlorine reacts with water forming hypochlorous acid (HOCl) which is a strong germicide. Ozonation uses ozone; distillation involves boiling and condensation. Filtration removes particulate matter but not all microorganisms. Chlorination is cost-effective and provides residual protection, though it may produce trihalomethanes as by-products.
Explanation:
Distillation separates a mixture of two or more miscible liquids with different boiling points. The liquid with the lower boiling point vaporizes first, is condensed, and collected separately. Fractional distillation is used when the boiling point difference is less than 25 K. Simple distillation works for larger differences. Filtration separates solids from liquids; sublimation separates sublimable solids; chromatography separates dissolved substances based on differential adsorption.
Explanation:
Bronze is an alloy primarily of copper and tin, sometimes with other elements. Brass is Cu-Zn. Steel is Fe-C. Duralumin is Al-Cu-Mg-Mn. Bronze is used for statues, coins, and bearings.
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