Thomson used cathode ray tubes to discover the electron and measure its charge-to-mass ratio (e/m). He proposed the 'plum pudding' model. Proton identified by Rutherford, neutron by Chadwick.
Explanation:
This is a single displacement reaction. Iron (Fe) is more reactive than Copper (Cu), so it displaces copper from its aqueous sulfate solution. The blue color of CuSO₄ fades, and a brown deposit of Cu forms. Reactivity series dictates that a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive one.
Explanation:
Alpha particles are relatively heavy (4 amu) and doubly charged (+2), so they interact strongly with matter, losing energy rapidly via ionization. They can be stopped by a sheet of paper or a few centimeters of air. Beta particles (lighter, faster electrons) penetrate further. Gamma rays (uncharged EM waves) are most penetrating. Alpha emitters are hazardous if ingested or inhaled.
Explanation:
C₂H₅OH + CH₃COOH ⇌ CH₃COOC₂H₅ + H₂O (esterification). Conc. H₂SO₄ acts as catalyst and dehydrating agent. Ethyl ethanoate is an ester with fruity smell.
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