Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an example of: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an example of:
A. Sex-linked inheritance
B. Epistasis
C. Polygenic inheritance
D. Pleiotropy
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Pleiotropy is a phenomenon where a single gene influences multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene (PAH) that codes for the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. This single mutation leads to multiple effects: intellectual disability, reduced hair and skin pigmentation, and musty odor.

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Question #1
Which of the following blood vessels has the highest total cross-sectional area in the body?
A. Capillaries
B. Vena cava
C. Arteries
D. Aorta

Correct Answer: Option A


Explanation:
Although individual capillaries are tiny, there are billions of them, giving the capillary bed the largest total cross-sectional area. This reduces blood flow velocity, allowing sufficient time for exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes. The aorta has the smallest total cross-sectional area and the highest blood flow velocity.

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Question #2
The structure in the nephron that filters blood under high pressure is the:
A. Distal convoluted tubule
B. Collecting duct
C. Glomerulus
D. Loop of Henle

Correct Answer: Option C


Explanation:
The glomerulus is a knot of capillaries enveloped by Bowman's capsule, where blood is filtered under pressure (ultrafiltration). The high hydrostatic pressure forces water, ions, glucose, and urea into the tubular system, while cells and large proteins are retained. The loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting duct process the filtrate.

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Question #3
The technique of producing many identical copies of a plant from a single tissue is:
A. Hybridization
B. Selective breeding
C. Tissue culture (micropropagation)
D. Cross-pollination

Correct Answer: Option C


Explanation:
Tissue culture (micropropagation) involves growing plant cells/tissues on a sterile nutrient medium to regenerate whole plants, producing clones. Hybridization is crossing varieties, cross-pollination is natural or artificial pollination, selective breeding chooses parents.

This question belongs to: Science Biology