Explanation:
Smelting involves heating a metal oxide ore (roasted or calcined) with a reducing agent like coke (carbon) or CO to obtain the metal in the molten state. Example: Fe₂O₃ + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO₂ in blast furnace. Calcination: heating carbonate/ hydroxide ore in absence of air. Roasting: heating sulfide ore in excess air. Leaching: chemical dissolution of ore. Smelting is a key pyrometallurgical step.
Explanation:
Smelting involves heating the concentrated ore (often after roasting/calcination) with a reducing agent (like coke, CO) to reduce the metal oxide to the metal. For example, iron ore is smelted in a blast furnace. Roasting heats sulfide ores in air; calcination heats carbonate ores in absence of air; leaching dissolves out the metal.
Explanation:
A Lewis acid is a chemical species that can accept a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. BF3 has an incomplete octet on the boron atom (only 6 electrons), making it an electron-deficient molecule and a strong Lewis acid. NH3, H2O, and OH- have lone pairs and act as Lewis bases.
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