Scurvy is characterized by bleeding gums and is caused by the deficiency of:
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin B12
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid). Vitamin C is essential for the synthesis of collagen, a structural protein in connective tissues. Its deficiency leads to weakened blood vessels, causing symptoms like bleeding gums, loose teeth, joint pain, and poor wound healing. It was historically common among sailors lacking fresh fruits and vegetables.
Explanation:
Phagocytosis ('cell eating') is a type of endocytosis where the cell membrane extends pseudopodia around a solid particle (e.g., bacterium) and engulfs it into a phagosome, which later fuses with a lysosome for digestion. Pinocytosis is 'cell drinking' of fluids. Exocytosis is secretion. Osmosis is water movement across a membrane.
Explanation:
In prokaryotes, DNA polymerase I has 5'→3' exonuclease activity that removes RNA primers and fills the gaps with DNA. DNA pol III extends strands, ligase joins, primase synthesizes primer.
Explanation:
Functional residual capacity (FRC) is the volume of air in the lungs at the end of a normal expiration (ERV + RV). It prevents alveolar collapse and buffers gas concentrations. Vital capacity is max exhaled after max inhalation, total lung capacity is max air lungs can hold, inspiratory capacity is max inhaled after normal exhalation.
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