Soap is formed by the alkaline hydrolysis of fats and oils. This reaction is called: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question
Soap is formed by the alkaline hydrolysis of fats and oils. This reaction is called:
A. Emulsification
B. Hydrogenation
C. Saponification
D. Esterification
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Saponification is the hydrolysis of triglycerides (fats/oils) with NaOH or KOH to produce glycerol and the sodium or potassium salts of long-chain fatty acids, which are soaps. Esterification is the formation of esters from acid and alcohol. Emulsification is the dispersion of one liquid in another. Hydrogenation is addition of H₂. Hard soaps use NaOH, soft soaps use KOH. Soaps clean by micelle formation.
This question belongs to: Science chemistry
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Practice More chemistry Questions

Question #1
Which of the following statements about physical changes is correct?
A. New substances are formed.
B. They are always irreversible.
C. Chemical composition remains the same.
D. They are always exothermic.
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Physical changes affect form or state but not chemical composition. They can be reversible (melting/freezing). No new substances form. They may be endothermic or exothermic. Example: dissolving salt in water – salt is still NaCl.
This question belongs to: Science chemistry
Question #2
The indicator phenolphthalein turns pink in:
A. Acidic medium
B. All media
C. Neutral medium
D. Basic medium
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Phenolphthalein is colorless in acidic and neutral solutions, turning pink/magenta in basic solutions with pH > about 8.2-10. It is commonly used in acid-base titrations. Methyl orange is red in acidic and yellow in basic. Litmus is purple in neutral, red in acid, blue in base. Natural indicators like turmeric, beetroot also show color changes.
This question belongs to: Science chemistry
Question #3
Balance the chemical equation: a Fe + b H₂O → c Fe₃O₄ + d H₂. The values of a, b, c, and d are:
A. 4, 3, 1, 4
B. 3, 4, 1, 4
C. 3, 1, 4, 4
D. 1, 3, 4, 3
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
To balance the equation: Fe atoms: 3 on right, so a=3. O atoms: 4 on right, so b=4. H atoms: 4*2=8 on left, so d=4. The balanced equation is 3Fe + 4H₂O → Fe₃O₄ + 4H₂. Thus, a=3, b=4, c=1, d=4. This ensures the law of conservation of mass is obeyed.
This question belongs to: Science chemistry
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