Down syndrome, the most common chromosomal aneuploidy, is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21), usually from nondisjunction during meiosis. It is characterized by intellectual disability, distinct facial features, and increased risk of certain medical conditions. Monosomy X is Turner syndrome.
Explanation:
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) lacks ribosomes and is the site of lipid synthesis, including phospholipids and steroids. It also detoxifies drugs and poisons. Rough ER synthesizes proteins, Golgi modifies and packages molecules, lysosomes degrade waste. SER is abundant in cells producing steroid hormones.
Explanation:
Syphilis is caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum and is curable with antibiotics. Hepatitis B and HIV are viral, genital herpes is caused by herpes simplex virus. Gonorrhea and chlamydia are other bacterial STDs. Early diagnosis and treatment prevent serious complications like neurological damage and congenital syphilis.
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