The disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Cataract is clouding of the crystalline lens leading to decreased vision, commonly age-related. Glaucoma is optic nerve damage often due to increased intraocular pressure. Myopia is nearsightedness, hypermetropia is farsightedness. Cataract surgery replaces the lens with an artificial one.

Explanation:
The bottleneck effect is a form of genetic drift that occurs when a population's size is drastically reduced for at least one generation due to a severe environmental event (like a natural disaster, disease, or overhunting). The surviving population is a random, small sample of the original, and its gene pool may not represent the original population's genetic diversity. This leads to a significant loss of genetic variation, making the population more vulnerable to future changes.

Explanation:
The humerus is the upper arm bone. The femur is the thigh bone. So C is incorrect.