The disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain circular DNA and 70S ribosomes, enabling them to transcribe and translate some proteins independently, though they rely on nuclear genes for most proteins. This partial autonomy supports the endosymbiotic origin hypothesis. The presence of their own genetic material and protein synthesis machinery qualifies them as semi-autonomous. Thus, both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason correctly explains the assertion.

Explanation:
Secretin was the first hormone ever to be identified, marking the birth of endocrinology as a distinct field. It was discovered in 1902 by British physiologists William Bayliss and Ernest Starling. They observed that when acidic chyme entered the duodenum, it stimulated the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich juice, even if all nerves to the pancreas were cut. They concluded that a chemical messenger (which Starling coined the term 'hormone' for in 1905) was released from the intestinal mucosa into the blood to stimulate the pancreas. They named this messenger secretin.

Explanation:
Color blindness (specifically red-green color blindness) is an X-linked recessive disorder. The gene responsible is located on the X chromosome. Males (XY) are more frequently affected because they only have one X chromosome; a single recessive allele will cause the disorder. Females (XX) need two recessive alleles to be affected, making them more likely to be carriers.