The enzyme that catalyzes the removal of the RNA primer during DNA replication is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Aneuploidy is a chromosomal abnormality resulting from nondisjunction, the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21). Turner syndrome is a sex chromosome anomaly in females characterized by the karyotype 45, X0, not 47, XXY (which is Klinefelter syndrome). Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Explanation:
Louis Pasteur proved that fermentation is caused by living yeast cells, not spontaneous chemical reactions. Buchner later showed that cell-free extracts could ferment sugar, discovering enzymes. Fleming discovered penicillin, Leeuwenhoek observed microbes.

Explanation:
Osmosis is the special case of diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane down its concentration gradient (from high to low water potential). It does not require energy. Diffusion refers to solute movement, active transport requires energy against a gradient, and plasmolysis is the shrinking of protoplasm due to water loss.