The enzyme that converts glucose to ethanol in yeast fermentation is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Rickets is characterized by defective mineralization of bones, leading to bowed legs, soft skull, and skeletal deformities due to vitamin D deficiency in children. In adults, deficiency causes osteomalacia. Scurvy is vitamin C deficiency, pellagra is niacin deficiency, beri-beri is thiamine deficiency. Vitamin D (calciferol) promotes calcium and phosphorus absorption from the gut. Sunlight exposure helps synthesize vitamin D in skin.

Explanation:
The Lac operon in E. coli is a classic example of an inducible operon. It is normally 'off' (repressed) because a repressor protein binds to the operator, preventing transcription. However, when the inducer (allolactose, derived from lactose) is present, it binds to the repressor, inactivating it and allowing RNA polymerase to transcribe the genes needed for lactose metabolism.

Explanation:
The basal ganglia are a group of interconnected subcortical nuclei (including the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus) located deep within the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres. They are crucial components of the extrapyramidal motor system. Their primary functions are to regulate voluntary motor movements (by facilitating desired movements and inhibiting unwanted ones), procedural learning (learning by repetition), routine behaviors, and habit formation. Dysfunction of the basal ganglia leads to movement disorders like Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease.