The hormone that stimulates the release of pancreatic bicarbonate is:
A. Secretin
B. Gastrin
C. Motilin
D. Cholecystokinin
Answer: Option A
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Secretin, released from the duodenum in response to acidic chyme, stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid to neutralize the acid. Gastrin stimulates HCl, CCK enzyme secretion, motilin GI motility.
Explanation:
Lactase is a brush border enzyme in the small intestine that hydrolyzes lactose (milk sugar) into its constituent monosaccharides. Maltase acts on maltose, sucrase on sucrose, amylase on starch. Lactose intolerance results from lactase deficiency.
Explanation:
Folic acid is crucial for DNA synthesis and cell division; deficiency during early pregnancy increases risk of neural tube defects like spina bifida. Supplementation is recommended. B₁ is for carbohydrate metabolism, B₁₂ for nerve function, C for collagen.
Explanation:
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) is a peptide hormone secreted by the chief cells of the four parathyroid glands in response to low blood calcium levels (hypocalcemia). Its primary function is to increase blood calcium levels (hypercalcemic effect). It achieves this by: 1) Stimulating osteoclasts to break down bone, releasing calcium. 2) Increasing calcium reabsorption and stimulating the activation of Vitamin D in the kidneys. 3) Indirectly increasing calcium absorption in the gut via active Vitamin D. It has the opposite effect of calcitonin.
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