The myelin sheath around axons in the peripheral nervous system is formed by: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question
The myelin sheath around axons in the peripheral nervous system is formed by:
A. Oligodendrocytes
B. Astrocytes
C. Schwann cells
D. Microglia
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), Schwann cells wrap around axons to form the myelin sheath, which insulates axons and increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction (saltatory conduction). In the central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocytes perform this function. Astrocytes support neurons, microglia act as immune cells. Nodes of Ranvier are gaps in the myelin sheath.
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Question #1
The hormone that stimulates the reabsorption of water in the collecting duct is:
A. Aldosterone
B. Renin
C. Atrial natriuretic peptide
D. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
ADH (vasopressin) increases water permeability of the collecting duct cells by inserting aquaporins, reducing urine volume. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption, renin is an enzyme, ANP promotes sodium excretion.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #2
In the light reaction of photosynthesis, which photosystem is involved in the photolysis of water?
A. Neither PSI nor PSII
B. Photosystem I (PSI)
C. Photosystem II (PSII)
D. Both PSI and PSII
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Photosystem II (PSII), also known as P680, is the first photosystem in the non-cyclic electron transport pathway (Z-scheme). It is responsible for the photolysis of water, a process where water molecules are split into oxygen, protons (H+), and electrons. This oxygen is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #3
The genetic makeup of an organism is its:
A. Genotype
B. Karyotype
C. Allele
D. Phenotype
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Genotype refers to the specific set of genes (allelic constitution) of an individual, e.g., TT, Tt, or tt for a trait. Phenotype is the observable characteristic, karyotype is the chromosome complement, allele is a variant form of a gene. The genotype determines the potential phenotype.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
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