The process by which a bacterium acquires genes from a bacteriophage is:
A. Conjugation
B. Transformation
C. Transduction
D. Mutation
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Transduction is the transfer of bacterial DNA from one bacterium to another by a bacteriophage. Generalized transduction occurs when phage accidentally packages host DNA; specialized transduction involves specific genes near the prophage integration site. Conjugation needs direct contact, transformation free DNA.
Explanation:
Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles present in almost all eukaryotic cells but absent in prokaryotes, which carry out respiration on the plasma membrane or mesosomes. Ribosomes, cell wall (in most), and plasma membrane are present in both.
Explanation:
Earthworms have hemoglobin dissolved in their blood plasma (not in cells) for oxygen transport. Hemocyanin is in mollusks and arthropods, hemerythrin in some marine worms.
Explanation:
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin secretion (Type 1) or insulin resistance (Type 2). Diabetes insipidus is due to deficiency of ADH (vasopressin) affecting water reabsorption. Graves' disease is hyperthyroidism, Addison's is adrenal insufficiency. Insulin deficiency leads to inability of cells to uptake glucose.
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