The process by which plants produce food using light energy is called: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Human somatic cells are diploid, containing 23 pairs of chromosomes (22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes). The presence of the Y chromosome determines male sex (XY), while its absence results in female sex (XX). Mutations are random changes in DNA; while some are harmful, many are neutral, and some can be beneficial, providing the genetic variation necessary for evolution. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Explanation:
Pleiotropy occurs when a single gene affects two or more distinct phenotypic traits. This happens because the gene product (protein) may be used in multiple biological pathways or expressed in different tissues. Examples include phenylketonuria (PKU), sickle cell anemia, and Marfan syndrome. Epistasis involves the interaction of different genes, polygenic inheritance involves multiple genes affecting one trait, and incomplete dominance is a single gene interaction.

Explanation:
Vitamin B₁₂ (cobalamin) is required for DNA synthesis and RBC maturation. Deficiency causes pernicious anemia. It also maintains myelin sheath.