The reflex action is controlled by the: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Transformation involves the uptake and incorporation of naked DNA fragments from the surrounding medium by competent bacteria. Conjugation requires cell-to-cell contact via a pilus, transduction is gene transfer by bacteriophages, binary fission is asexual reproduction. Griffith's experiment demonstrated transformation.

Explanation:
The cerebrum is the largest and most prominent part of the brain, divided into left and right hemispheres, responsible for higher functions like thought, memory, and voluntary movement. The cerebellum coordinates movement, medulla controls vital functions.

Explanation:
The Haversian system (osteon) is the characteristic structural unit of compact (cortical) bone in mammals. It consists of a central Haversian canal (containing blood vessels and nerves) surrounded by concentric layers of calcified matrix called lamellae. Between the lamellae are small spaces called lacunae, which house osteocytes (bone cells). Canaliculi connect the lacunae. Bird bones are pneumatic (hollow), and cartilage lacks Haversian systems.