DNA contains the pentose sugar 2'-deoxyribose, which lacks an oxygen atom on the 2' carbon compared to ribose in RNA. This structural difference makes DNA more chemically stable and suitable for long-term genetic storage. Nucleotides consist of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. Ribose is present in RNA.
Explanation:
Prophase is the first stage of mitosis where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, the nucleolus fades, and the mitotic spindle begins to form. In metaphase chromosomes align, in telophase they decondense and the nucleolus reappears. Interphase is not a mitotic phase.
Explanation:
Chitin is a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, forming the tough exoskeleton of arthropods and the cell wall of fungi. Cellulose is a plant polysaccharide, starch and glycogen are energy storage polysaccharides in plants and animals respectively. Chitin provides protection and support.
Explanation:
Vitamin A (retinal) combines with opsin to form rhodopsin in rod cells, necessary for vision in dim light. Deficiency causes night blindness. B₁ is for carbohydrate metabolism, C for collagen, D for calcium.
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