Which hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary to stimulate growth of bones and muscles? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Amphioxus (Branchiostoma) is a primitive chordate possessing a notochord, dorsal nerve cord, and pharyngeal slits throughout life, but lacking a vertebral column; hence it is an invertebrate chordate. Earthworm is an annelid, cockroach an arthropod, starfish an echinoderm—all non-chordates. Vertebrate chordates include fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Amphioxus is studied for evolutionary insights into vertebrate origins.

Explanation:
Beriberi is a disease affecting the nervous and cardiovascular systems due to lack of thiamine (B₁). Scurvy is vitamin C deficiency, pellagra is niacin (B₃), rickets is vitamin D. Thiamine is a coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism.

Explanation:
Although individual capillaries are tiny, there are billions of them, giving the capillary bed the largest total cross-sectional area. This reduces blood flow velocity, allowing sufficient time for exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes. The aorta has the smallest total cross-sectional area and the highest blood flow velocity.