Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Typhoid fever is a systemic bacterial infection caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, transmitted through contaminated food and water. Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium (like P. falciparum), transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. Dengue fever is a viral infection caused by the Dengue virus (a flavivirus), transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. All three statements correctly identify the causative agents of these major diseases.

Explanation:
Pernicious anemia is a specific type of megaloblastic anemia caused by the inability to absorb Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) due to a lack of intrinsic factor, a protein secreted by the stomach. Vitamin B12 is essential for red blood cell formation and neurological function. Its deficiency leads to the production of large, immature, and dysfunctional red blood cells.

Explanation:
A simple fruit develops from a single ovary of a single flower, which may be a single carpel or fused carpels (e.g., tomato, peach). Aggregate fruits develop from separate carpels of one flower (e.g., strawberry). Multiple fruits from many flowers (e.g., pineapple).