Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse of the cell' and is semi-autonomous? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Guttation is the exudation of water droplets containing dissolved salts from hydathodes at leaf margins, occurring under high humidity and low transpiration, due to root pressure. Transpiration is loss of water vapor through stomata. Bleeding is oozing of sap from cut plant parts. Translocation is transport of organic solutes. Guttation is visible as morning dew drops.

Explanation:
Frederick Griffith in 1928 demonstrated the transformation of non-virulent pneumococci to virulent by heat-killed virulent strain, suggesting a transforming principle. Avery et al. later identified it as DNA. Hershey-Chase confirmed DNA is genetic material.

Explanation:
Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus (flavivirus) transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito. Cholera is bacterial (Vibrio cholerae), diphtheria bacterial (Corynebacterium diphtheriae), leprosy bacterial (Mycobacterium leprae). Viral diseases include influenza, common cold, AIDS, COVID-19, hepatitis, polio, and rabies. Dengue symptoms include high fever, severe headache, joint pain, and rash.