Explanation:
Alpha particles are helium nuclei (2 protons, 2 neutrons), charge +2e, mass 4 u. Beta particles are fast electrons (or positrons). Gamma rays are high-energy photons, no mass, no charge.
Explanation:
E ∝ ν: higher frequency ⇒ higher photon energy. Gamma rays (high ν) more energetic than radio waves (low ν). Memory aid: 'E = hν; blue light photons more energetic than red'. Quantum physics relation frequently tested in competitive exams.
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