Explanation:
KE ∝ p². Double KE ⇒ p_new = √2 p_old ⇒ increase = (√2 - 1)×100% ≈ 41.4%. Memory tip: 'KE ∝ p²; %Δp ≈ ½ %ΔKE for small changes, but use exact for large'. Energy-momentum relation frequently tested in competitive exams.
Explanation:
In free fall under gravity alone, mechanical energy (kinetic + potential) is conserved, assuming no air resistance. Potential energy decreases while kinetic energy increases, sum constant. Law of conservation of mechanical energy. Non-conservative forces absent.
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