According to Charles' law, at constant pressure, volume of a gas is directly proportional to:
A. Density
B. Temperature in Celsius
C. Absolute temperature (Kelvin)
D. Pressure
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
V ∝ T (in Kelvin). Using Celsius gives a linear relationship but not direct proportionality (line does not pass through origin). Absolute zero (0 K = -273.15°C) is the theoretical temperature of zero volume.
Explanation:
Alpha particles are relatively heavy (4 amu) and doubly charged (+2), so they interact strongly with matter, losing energy rapidly via ionization. They can be stopped by a sheet of paper or a few centimeters of air. Beta particles (lighter, faster electrons) penetrate further. Gamma rays (uncharged EM waves) are most penetrating. Alpha emitters are hazardous if ingested or inhaled.
Explanation:
Graphite has a layered structure with weak van der Waals forces between layers and delocalized electrons within layers, making it a good conductor and lubricant. Diamond is the hardest; coal is amorphous carbon.
Explanation:
Urea (NH₂CONH₂) contains about 46% N. Ammonium sulfate ~21% N, sodium nitrate ~16% N, DAP ~18% N (and 46% P₂O₅). Urea is the most concentrated solid nitrogen fertilizer.
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