Alpha particles are identical to helium-4 nuclei (2 protons + 2 neutrons), with a +2 charge. They are emitted during radioactive decay of heavy elements like uranium. They have low penetration power. Beta rays are electrons, gamma rays are photons.
Explanation:
Carbon's ability to form bonds with other carbon atoms (catenation) and its tetravalency (four valence electrons) allow it to form long chains, branches, and rings, leading to millions of organic compounds. The C-C bond is strong (bond energy ~348 kJ/mol). Silicon also shows catenation but to much lesser extent. Carbon also forms multiple bonds, enhancing diversity.
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