Ethanol is added to chloroform to inhibit its oxidation to phosgene (COCl₂) – a negative catalyst. Others are positive catalysts that speed up reactions.
Explanation:
Glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid, sometimes called a supercooled liquid. It lacks long-range periodic order; atoms are arranged in a disordered network. It softens over a temperature range rather than having a sharp melting point. Common glass is soda-lime-silicate glass. Crystalline solids have sharp melting points and regular lattice structures (e.g., NaCl, quartz).
Explanation:
Chlorine produced in the chlor-alkali process is used to manufacture PVC (polyvinyl chloride), bleaching powder, disinfectants, and solvents. Glass uses Na₂CO₃. Fertilizers use NH₃ and acids. Steel making uses oxygen. Chlorine is a versatile industrial chemical with many downstream products.
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