Carolus Linnaeus is known as the father of: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Carolus Linnaeus, a Swedish botanist, is known as the father of taxonomy for formalizing the modern system of naming organisms (binomial nomenclature) and classification. Louis Pasteur, a French chemist, is considered the father of microbiology for his groundbreaking work on vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization. Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk, is universally recognized as the father of genetics for his pioneering experiments on inheritance in pea plants. All statements are correct.

Explanation:
Pleiotropy is when one gene influences several distinct phenotypic characteristics. Example: sickle cell disease (mutant hemoglobin affects RBC shape, causing anemia, pain, organ damage). Polygenic traits involve many genes, codominance both alleles expressed, epistasis gene interaction.

Explanation:
Alveoli have a rich capillary network for O₂/CO₂ exchange. Inhalation is active (diaphragm contracts), trachea divides into two bronchi (not bronchioles).