Assertion (A): HF has an unusually high boiling point. Reason (R): Fluorine is the most electronegative element, leading to strong hydrogen bonding in HF.
A.A is false but R is true.
B.Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
C.A is true but R is false.
D.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
HF exhibits strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding because fluorine is highly electronegative and small in size. This strong hydrogen bonding requires significantly more thermal energy to break compared to other hydrogen halides, giving HF an unusually high boiling point. Both statements are true and R correctly explains A.
Explanation:
A gel is a type of colloid where the dispersed phase is a liquid and the dispersed medium is a solid. Cheese, butter, and jellies are classic examples of gels. Milk is an emulsion (liquid in liquid), while fog and smoke are aerosols.
Explanation:
Sodium (alkali metal) reacts violently with cold water: 2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂ + heat. Copper and iron do not react with cold water; iron reacts with steam. Zinc also reacts with steam. Reactivity with water increases down Group 1.
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