Consider statements about the Golgi apparatus: 1. It has cis and trans faces. 2. It modifies and packages proteins. 3. It synthesizes ATP. Which are correct? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

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Consider statements about the Golgi apparatus: 1. It has cis and trans faces. 2. It modifies and packages proteins. 3. It synthesizes ATP. Which are correct?

A. 1 and 3 only

B. 2 and 3 only

C. 1, 2 and 3

D. 1 and 2 only

Answer: Option D

Solution (By JKExamLibrary)

The Golgi apparatus consists of flattened membranous sacs called cisternae. It has a forming cis face near the ER and a maturing trans face directed towards the plasma membrane. It primarily modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles. It does not synthesize ATP; that is the function of mitochondria.

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Question #1

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Which of the following statements about the cell cycle is correct?

A. The S phase is when DNA synthesis occurs.

B. DNA replication occurs during the G2 phase.

C. Mitosis is the longest phase of the cell cycle.

D. Cytokinesis occurs before prophase.

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
In the S (synthesis) phase of interphase, DNA is replicated. G2 is preparation for mitosis. Interphase is the longest. Cytokinesis follows telophase.

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Question #2

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The deficiency of vitamin B₁₂ leads to which type of anemia?

A. Pernicious anemia

B. Sickle cell anemia

C. Aplastic anemia

D. Iron-deficiency anemia

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Pernicious anemia is a megaloblastic anemia resulting from vitamin B₁₂ (cobalamin) deficiency, often due to lack of intrinsic factor (produced by stomach parietal cells) needed for its absorption. It is characterized by large, immature red blood cells and neurological symptoms. Iron deficiency causes microcytic anemia. Sickle cell is genetic, aplastic is bone marrow failure.

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Question #3

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In angiosperms, the functional megaspore undergoes mitotic divisions to form the embryo sac, which typically contains:

A. 8 cells, 8 nuclei

B. 7 cells, 7 nuclei

C. 4 cells, 4 nuclei

D. 7 cells, 8 nuclei

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
The female gametophyte (embryo sac) in angiosperms is typically monosporic (develops from one functional megaspore). The megaspore undergoes three successive mitotic divisions to form an 8-nucleate, 7-celled structure. This includes 3 antipodal cells, 2 synergids, 1 egg cell, and 1 central cell containing 2 polar nuclei. Exam tip: Remember '8 nuclei, 7 cells' because the central cell has 2 nuclei but is 1 cell.

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