Direct standardization is preferred over indirect when:
A. Comparing more than two populations
B. Only total deaths are known
C. Age-specific rates for the study population are unstable due to small numbers
D. Age-specific rates for the study population are reliable and available
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Direct standardization requires stable age-specific rates for the study group; if these are unreliable (e.g., small areas), indirect standardization (using standard rates) is more appropriate.
Assertion (A): If A and B are independent events, then A' and B' are also independent. Reason (R): P(A'∩B') = P(A')P(B') when A and B are independent. Choose the correct option:
A.A is true, R is false
B.A is false, R is true
C.Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
D.Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
If A and B are independent, then their complements are independent. The formula P(A'∩B') = (1-P(A))(1-P(B)) holds, so R is true and explains A.
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