In a chloroplast, the flattened membranous sacs arranged in stacks are called? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
ANP is secreted by atrial muscle cells of the heart in response to stretching (high blood volume). It promotes sodium and water excretion, lowering blood pressure. Kidneys secrete renin, adrenal aldosterone, liver angiotensinogen.

Explanation:
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a powerful incretin hormone secreted by the L cells of the distal small intestine (ileum) and colon in response to food ingestion. Its primary functions are highly beneficial for glucose homeostasis: it stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas in a glucose-dependent manner (only when blood glucose is high), inhibits glucagon secretion, slows down gastric emptying (allowing more time for nutrient absorption), and acts on the brain to promote satiety and reduce food intake. GLP-1 analogs (like exenatide) are used as drugs to treat type 2 diabetes.

Explanation:
Photosynthesis consists of light-dependent reactions occurring in the thylakoid membranes (grana) where water is split, releasing oxygen, and light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) occurring in the stroma where CO2 is fixed. The oxygen released during photosynthesis comes from the photolysis of water, not from carbon dioxide. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.