In a nuclear reactor, what is the function of the moderator (like heavy water or graphite)? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

In a nuclear reactor, what is the function of the moderator (like heavy water or graphite)?
A. To act as the nuclear fuel.
B. To absorb excess neutrons to stop the chain reaction.
C. To slow down the fast-moving neutrons so they can cause further fission.
D. To transport heat away from the reactor core.
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Uranium-235 undergoes fission most efficiently when struck by slow-moving (thermal) neutrons. However, fission reactions release very fast-moving neutrons. The moderator (like graphite or heavy water) collides with these fast neutrons to slow them down without absorbing them, sustaining the controlled chain reaction. Control rods (cadmium/boron) are used to absorb excess neutrons.

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Practice More Physics Questions

Question #1
Assertion (A): The velocity of sound is greater in solids than in gases. Reason (R): Solids possess higher elasticity compared to gases.
A. A is false but R is true.
B. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
C. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
D. A is true but R is false.

Correct Answer: Option C


Explanation:
The velocity of sound in a medium is determined by the formula v = √(E/ρ), where E is the modulus of elasticity and ρ is the density. Although solids are denser, their modulus of elasticity (bulk modulus) is tremendously higher than that of gases, overwhelmingly compensating for the density. Hence, sound travels fastest in solids.

This question belongs to: Science Physics
Question #2
In a series circuit, which quantity remains the same across all components?
A. Power
B. Resistance
C. Voltage
D. Current

Correct Answer: Option D


Explanation:
In series circuits, current is the same through all components because there's only one path for charge flow. Voltage divides across components proportional to resistance (V = IR). Resistance and power vary per component. Memory aid: 'Series: same current; Parallel: same voltage'. This fundamental circuit property is frequently tested in competitive exams to assess basic electronics understanding. Always apply Kirchhoff's current law: current entering a junction equals current leaving; in series, no junctions, so current constant.

This question belongs to: Science Physics
Question #3
The number of significant figures in 0.00450 is
A. 5
B. 3
C. 2
D. 4

Correct Answer: Option B


Explanation:
Leading zeros not significant. '450' has three digits, but the trailing zero after decimal is significant (4,5,0). So 3 significant figures. 0.00450 is 3 SF.

This question belongs to: Science Physics