C. Pasteurization and disproving spontaneous generation
D. Laws of inheritance
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Louis Pasteur, a French microbiologist, is famous for several groundbreaking contributions. He developed the process of pasteurization (heating liquids to kill harmful microbes). He also conclusively disproved the theory of spontaneous generation using his famous swan-neck flask experiment, demonstrating that life only arises from pre-existing life (biogenesis). He also developed vaccines for rabies and anthrax.
Explanation:
HIV is a retrovirus with two copies of single-stranded RNA as its genome. It uses reverse transcriptase to convert RNA into DNA upon infection. Double-stranded DNA is typical of many organisms. Single-stranded DNA viruses exist (e.g., parvovirus). Double-stranded RNA viruses include rotavirus. The viral RNA genome enables integration into host DNA via a DNA intermediate.
Explanation:
In cymose (definite) inflorescence, the main axis ends in a flower, limiting further growth, and lateral branches develop below it, which also end in flowers. Racemose is indeterminate with apical growth continuing. Spike and umbel are types of racemose. Cymose includes cymes.
Consider statements about microorganisms: 1. Penicillin is extracted from a fungus. 2. Streptomycin is extracted from a bacterium. 3. Viruses can be cultured in synthetic media. Which are correct?
Explanation:
Penicillin, the first antibiotic, is extracted from the fungus Penicillium notatum. Streptomycin is an antibiotic derived from the actinomycete bacterium Streptomyces griseus. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites and cannot be grown or cultured on artificial synthetic media; they require living host cells (like embryonated eggs or cell cultures) to replicate. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.
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