Statement: The President of X Y Z party indicated that 25 independent Members of Legislative Assembly (M.L.A.) are seriously considering various options of joining some political party. But in any case all of them collectively will join one party only.
Conclusions:
I. The 25 independent M.L.A's will join X Y Z party in a short period of time.
II. The 25 independent M.L.A's will join some other political party in a short period of time.
Explanation:
Neither conclusion follows. The statement says they are considering options; it is not definite that they will join XYZ party or any other particular party, nor is the time frame specified.
Statements:
1. Some phones are smart.
2. No smart thing is cheap.
Conclusions:
I. Some phones are not cheap.
II. No phone is cheap.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
Explanation:
The phones that are smart cannot be cheap (since no smart thing is cheap). Therefore, at least some phones are definitely not cheap (Conclusion I). We don't know about the phones that are not smart, so II does not follow.
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