Statement: This chair is made of wood. Conclusions: I. All wooden things are chairs. II. This chair is not made of plastic. MCQ with Answer and Explanation
Explanation:
I is too absolute. II contradicts the statement; 'children love ice cream' as a general statement doesn't allow 'some may dislike' if it's a universal claim. If it's taken as all children, then II contradicts; if it's a generic statement, II still cannot be deduced. Typically in reasoning, such a statement means 'all children', so II does not follow. Neither follows.
Statement:
A warning on a cigarette packet: 'Smoking is injurious to health.'
Conclusions:
I. Non-smokers have perfect health.
II. The warning is intended to make people aware of the dangers of smoking.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
Explanation:
The statement does not mean smoking is the *only* thing injurious to health, so non-smokers might get sick from other causes (Conclusion I is false). The explicit purpose of placing a warning is to inform/warn people (Conclusion II follows).
Explanation:
Since it is a continuous chain of subsets (A is inside B, B inside C, C inside D), all A are definitively D. Additionally, since all B are D, some D are definitively B. Both follow.
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