Statements: 1. No cat is a dog. 2. No dog is a rat. Conclusions: I. No cat is a rat. II. Some cats are rats. Which conclusion(s) logically follow? MCQ with Answer and Explanation
Statements:
1. No cat is a dog.
2. No dog is a rat.
Conclusions:
I. No cat is a rat.
II. Some cats are rats.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Either I or II follows
B. Neither I nor II follows
C. Only conclusion I follows
D. Only conclusion II follows
Answer: Option A
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
When there are two negative statements, no definitive positive or negative relationship can be established between the subject of the first and the predicate of the second (cat and rat). Since I and II form a complementary pair covering all possibilities, either I or II must be true.
Explanation:
Smoking increases risk but doesn't guarantee cancer, so I does not follow. Teeth staining is a common effect, so II is possible and thus follows as a probable conclusion.
Statements:
1. Some shirts are pants.
2. Some pants are ties.
Conclusions:
I. Some shirts are ties.
II. Some ties are shirts.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
Explanation:
The relationship 'some' does not chain logically. The shirts that are pants are not necessarily the pants that are ties. No relation can be established between shirts and ties. Therefore, neither conclusion follows.
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