The Contact process produces sulphuric acid: S + O₂ → SO₂; 2SO₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2SO₃ (V₂O₅ catalyst); SO₃ + H₂SO₄ → H₂S₂O₇ (oleum); H₂S₂O₇ + H₂O → 2H₂SO₄. Haber process for NH₃, Ostwald for HNO₃, Solvay for Na₂CO₃.
Explanation:
A promoter is a substance that, when added in small quantities, enhances the activity or efficiency of a catalyst. For example, in the Haber process, molybdenum acts as a promoter for the iron catalyst. An inhibitor or poison decreases catalyst activity by blocking active sites.
Explanation:
Catalysts provide an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy, increasing the fraction of effective collisions. They are not consumed and do not alter the overall enthalpy change (ΔH) or equilibrium constant.
Explanation:
The silver rod dissolves (Ag → Ag⁺ + e⁻) at the anode, replenishing Ag⁺ in the electrolyte, which deposits on the iron spoon (cathode). Iron spoon remains intact.
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