The basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question
The basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system is:
A. Axon
B. Nephron
C. Dendrite
D. Neuron
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
The neuron is the nerve cell, the fundamental unit of the nervous system, responsible for receiving, processing, and transmitting electrochemical signals. It consists of a cell body (soma), dendrites, and axon. Axon and dendrite are parts of a neuron. Nephron is the unit of kidney. Neurons communicate via synapses using neurotransmitters.
This question belongs to: Science Biology

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Practice More Biology Questions

Question #1
Consider statements about scientists: 1. Edward Jenner is the father of immunology. 2. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. 3. Louis Pasteur discovered the structure of DNA. Which are correct?
A. 1, 2 and 3
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1 and 2 only
Discuss

Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Edward Jenner is considered the father of immunology for pioneering the concept of vaccination by developing the smallpox vaccine. Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin, from the fungus Penicillium notatum in 1928. Louis Pasteur made monumental contributions to microbiology and vaccination, but the structure of DNA was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #2
Which of the following is an example of active transport across the cell membrane?
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Sodium-Potassium Pump
D. Diffusion
Discuss

Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Active transport requires energy (ATP) to move molecules against their concentration gradient. The Sodium-Potassium pump (Na+/K+ ATPase) is a classic example, moving 3 Na+ ions out of the cell and 2 K+ ions into the cell per ATP hydrolyzed. Osmosis, diffusion, and facilitated diffusion are passive processes.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #3
The technique used to determine the nucleotide sequence of DNA is:
A. Gel electrophoresis
B. DNA sequencing
C. Southern blotting
D. PCR
Discuss

Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
DNA sequencing determines the precise order of nucleotides in a DNA fragment. Sanger's dideoxy chain-termination method and next-generation sequencing are common. PCR amplifies DNA, gel electrophoresis separates by size, Southern blotting detects specific sequences. Sequencing is fundamental in genomics.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
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